Aeroplane.



'0. GALUM.

AEROPLANE.

'nruouzox FILED NOV. 12. 1913.

Patented Dec. 15, 1914.

3 SHEETS--SHEET 1.

INVENTOR 05a C'alujm Y ATTORNEYS ,0. GALUM. AERQPLANE, APPLIUATION FILEDNOV.12,1913.

7 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR CaZa7n/ ATTORNEYS Patented Dec. 15,1914.

0. GALUM.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION PIIQBD NOV. 12, 1913- 1,1 21,473. Patented Dec. 15, 1914.

INVENTOR 0Z9 CaZuIW/ fir? W I M v ATTORNEYS 'WITNES 8 memes.

DLE CALUIEI, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASfiiIGNOB 0F ONE-HALF TO PAUL HUMBERT,TEL, OF NEW YURK, N. Y.

AEROPLANE.

To all who-m z'zfmag concern:

Be it known that I, OLE (Jenner, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of the city of New York, borough of Brooklyn, in the county ofKings and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Aeroplane,of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of the invention is to provide a new and improved aeroplanearranged to provide a large sustaining area in a coinparatively sniallspace, to insure easy rising and descending of the aeroplane, tomaintain the equilibrium even in heavy sidewise or contrary currents ofair, and to allow safe descending in case of accident to the motor orother parts.

In order to accomplish the desired result use is made of a framework forsupporting the aviator, other persons, the motor and propellers, a mainsustaining planemounted on the framework and of an approximately ovalshape and with the major axis thereof extending transversely, and sideplanes arranged below the said main sustaining plane and mounted onoppositesides of the framework, the inner edges of the .side planesbeing straight and inclose proximity to the sides of the framework, andthe outer edges being ovoid, the front and rear ends of the side planesprojecting beyond the front and rear edges of the main sustaining plane.Use is also made of a parachute normally seated on top of the mainsustaining plane, and springs for moving the said parachute upward intoposition a distance above the said main sustaining plane on the aviatorreleasing the normally locked parachute.

A practical embodiment of the invention is represented in theaccompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in

which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts inall the views.

Figure l is a plan view of the aeroplane; Fi g. 2 is a front endelevation of'the same; and Fig. 3 is a sectional-side elevation of thesame.

The framework A of the aeroplane includes in the lower portion asuitably constructed carriage B provided with wheels O to allow ofrunning the aeroplane on the ground preparatory to rising in the air orwhen descending and reaching the ground.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 15, 191%..

Application filed November 12, 1913. Serial No. 800,567.

The carriage B is provided with suitable seats D for the aviator andpassengers, and the carriage also supports two motors E, E forindependently driving a front propeller l3 and a rear propeller F.

On top of the framework A above the carriage B is arranged a mainsustaining plane G, of approximately oval shape with the major axisextending in a transverse direction and the minor axis extending longitudinally in the central. longitudinal plane of the aeroplane. Themain sustaining plane G is arched in a transverse fdirection toconcentrate air resistance toward the central part of the plane.

(in opposite sides of the carriage B are arranged side planes H and Hhaving their inner edges straight and in close proximity to the sides ofthe carriage B while the outer edges of the said side planes are ovoid.The front and rear ends of the side planes H and H project beyond thefront and rear edgesof the main sustaining plane. G, but the sides ofthe main sustaining plane G project beyond the side edges of the sideplanes H and H, as plainly indicated in the drawings. The side planes Hand H are inclined rearwardly and downwardly, as plainly indicated inFig. 3, so as front and rear elevating planes I and I having transverseaxes I I journaled at the sides in suitable bearings arranged on. frontand rear extensions A and A of the main frame A. The elevating planes 1and I are provided with upwardly-extending rods 1 l connected by sets ofcables or other flexible connections J and J with levers K fulcrumed onthe main frame A on opposite sides of the'aviators seat D to on able theaviator to manipulate either lever K with a view to tilt the elevatingplanes I and l in unison to cause the aeroplane to rise or to descendaccording'to the direction in which the lever is moved at. the time. The

'or to the left, use is made of bio I upper and logwer ends of the rodsI; I are connection P from the pin or cleat P". It is braced by suitablebraces I connected with understood that normally the'springs Q and thefront and. rear edges of 'the elevating Rare under tension and when theparachute lanes- I and' I, as P is released as described then thesprings 1 3. I Q and R force the parachute P upward into norder to steerthe aeroplane to the right the extended position shown in dotted lines v'vertically- 1n Fig. 3,, the upward movement of the para dISPOSBdStBGIIDg rudders L, of'whioh chute being limited by the flexible,staysor the steering rudder .L is locatedintermedistops S.- By thisarrangement the aeroplane ate the elevating plane 'I 'and the propelleris provided with an additional sustaining F and the 'rudderL is locatedintermediate plane to ease the descent of the aeroplane in plainlyindicated in the elevating, plane I and the propeller F.. case ofaccident to its machinery or other The rudders L and L? have their upperand vital part. It isunderstood that the conwfl i n journaled. at'Land-L? in. suitable trolling mechanism for the motor E is withbearingsarrangedon the extensions A" and I in convenient reach of the aviatorseated on A of the main frame A. '-TBhe rudders L andL are provided.With. transversely-extending rods 'L, L connected by cables or otherflexibleconnections N, N with a lever O fulcrumed at O on. the carriageB and extending within convenient reach? oi the aviator seated, on theseat I). Thus b the aviator imparting a forward, or a has rd swingingmotion to the lever (I) the-,rudd s L and L? are turned in unison tosteer -e aeroplane to the right onto 'thelle'ft according to thedirection. in whichthe lever O is} I moved-at the time; Each of the,rudders and L hasa square lower portion while the upper portion issemi-circular.

In .case of an accident to the motor orother vital part of; theaeroplane use is made of a parachute P to. permit the aviator tov safelyland without the aid of, the motor and propellers. The parachute P isheld can trally on the top of the main sustaining t'ened to apin orcleat P arranged on plane G and is in the form of a segment of.

a hollow sphere, as plainly indicated in Fig.

3, and the said parachute is rovided Witha, stick P extending downwardlyand passing through an opening inthe main sustaining plane G. The lowerend of the stick I? supportsarope or a cable P adapted to be faket eframework A adjacent the aviatprs seat D. By this arrangement theparachute P is held normally ininactive position on top of the mainsustaining plane Gr In order to move the parachute P into activeposition, that is, a distance above the main sustaining plane G, useismade of springs Q, and R,

I of which the spring R is'coiled on the stick P and rests with itsupper end on the un- I f der side of the parachute P. The lower end ofthe spring R bears on a runner R mounted to slide on the stick P. Thespring Q is in the form of a flat spring doubled up and having one endfastened to the sustaining ar the center thereof and the other end ofthe said spring Q, is fastened to a runner R. Flexible limiting stops S,such as chains, cables or ropes connect the parachute P with the mainsustaining plane to hold the parachute P in extended positlon after theoperator has released the flexible the seat D. I

The planes G, H, I, I, the rudders Ii, L" and the parachute P aresuitably strengthened by a proper light skeleton frame work over whichsilk or other suitable textile material is stretched to form the desiredI plane. The outer portions of the main sus- H and H of the formindicated the equilibriu m of the aeroplane is maintained at all times,especially when the aeroplane encounters heavy sidewise or contrarycurrents of. air.

It is understoodthat by making the main sustaining plane of ovate formand with the sides curved downward the air resistshoe is concentratedtoward thecentral part of the said main sustaining plane, thus insuringstability of the aeroplane. By. the use of the side planes H, II thecarrying capacity of the aeroplane is correspondinglyv increased and adirective or linear impetus andsteadiness is given to the aero-' planeto relieve the aviator of undue nervous strain. I I

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters. Patent:

1. An aeroplane,comprising a framework, a main sustaining plane mountedon the said framework and of an approximately oval shape and with themajor axis extending in a transverse direction, and side planes arrangedon opposite sides of the framework and disposedbelow the sides of thesald main sustaining plane, the inner edges of the said side planesbeingstraightand in close proximity to the sides of the framework, and theouter edges of the said side planes being of ovoidal shape, the frontand nic e-re rear ends oi the side wings projecting be yond the frontand rear edges of the said main sustaining plane and the sides of thesaid inain sustaining plane projecting be yond the sides of the saidside planes.

"2. An aeroplane, comprising airamework, a main sustaining plane mountedon the said framework and of an approximately oval shape and with themajor axis extending in a transverse direction, and side lanesarrangedon opposite sides of the ramework and disposed below the sidesof the said main sustaining plane, tl e inner edges of the saidv sideplanes being straight and in close proximity to the sides of the framework, and the outer edges of the side planes being of ovoidal shape, thefront and rear ends of the side wings projecting beyond the front andrear edges of the said main sustaining plane and the sides of the saidmain sustaining plane projecting beyond the sides of the said sideplanes, the said main sustaining plane being arched in a transversedirection and the said side planes bemg inclined upwardly and forwardly.

3. An aeroplane, comprising a framework, a main sustaining plane mountedon the said framework and of an approximately oval shape and with themajor axis extending in a transverse direction, side planes arranged onopposite sides of the irainework and disposed below the sides of thesaid main sustaining plane, the inner edges of the said side planesbeing straight and in close proximity to the sides of the framework, andthe outer edges of the said side planes being of ovoidal shape, thefront and rear ends of the side wings projecting beyond the front andrear edges of the said main sustaining plane, and the sides of the'mainsustaining plane projecting beyond the sides of the said side planes,and propelled wheels mounted on the said framework in frontand rear ofthe said main sustaining plane and below the same'and above the saidside planes.

4 An aeroplane provided with a frame- :work, a main sustaining planemounted on the said framework, the said inain sustaining plane being ofan approximately oval shape and. with the major'aris extendingtransversely and the minor axis extending longitudinally and in avertical plane pass ing through the longitudinal axis of the aeroplane,and side planes arranged on opposite sides of the frame work anddisposedbelow the sides of the said main sustaining plane, the front and rearends of the side planes projecting beyond the front and rear edges ofthe said main sustaining plane, and the sides of the said main"sustaining plane projecting beyond the sides of the said side planes.

5. An aeroplane provided with a framework, a main sustaining p anemounted on the said framework, the said main sustaining plane being ofanapproximately oval shape and with the major axis extending transverselyand the minor axis extending longitudinally and in a vertical planepassing through the longitudinal axis of the aeroplane, the said mainsustaining plane being arched in a transverse direction, and side planesarranged on opposite sides of the framework and disposed below the sidesof the said main sustaining plane, the front and rear ends of the sideplanes projecting achute above the said main sustaining plane,-

the said parachute having a stick extending downwardly and adapted topass through an opening in the main sustaining plane, a

spring coiled on the stick and resting with its upper end on the underside of the parachute, a runner mounted to slide on the stick andagainst which the lower end of said spring hears, a V-shaped springhaving one end fastened to the main sustaining plane, and the other endto said runner, retaining means under the control of the aviator andconnected with the said stick to hold the parachute normally in.inactive position on top of the main sustaining plane and to hold thesaid springs under tension, the said retaining means when releasedallowing the springs to lifit the parachute a distance above the niainsustaining plane, and flexihle stays connecting the parachute with themain sustaining plane to hold the parachute in extended position.

7. An aeroplane provided with a framework, a main sustaining planemounted on the said framework, an open parachute provided with a stickadapted to pass through an opening in the main sustaining plane, aii-shaped spring interposed between the said 'rh ain sustaining planeand the said para chute, a coil spring on the said stick and in terposedbetween the said parachute and the main sustaining plane, and flexiblemeans connected with said stick and adapted to be fastened to theirainework to normally hold the said springs under tension and theparachute resting'on top of the main sustaining plane.

8. An aeroplane provided with a framework, a sustaining plane mounted onthe said framework, an open parachute provided with a stick adapted topass through an opening-in tlie main sustaining plane, a ll-shapedspring interposed between the said main sustaining plane and the saidparachute, a coil spring on the said stick and tainin'g' plane to holdthe 'paraohntejin open interposed betweenithe said arachnte and the-mainsustaining lane, exible means vintermediate the elevating planes theconnected with the'sal dystick and adepted -to be fastened to theframework to normally, r a hold the said. springs under tension andtlie'parachute rest ng on'tojiof thennain su's-' taining plane, and flex'b estays connecting the sand parachute with the said main susposition. 4

9., An aeroplanelcoxnprising aframework, a mai'nsns'taining-'lanemounted on the said framework, si e planes arranged on oppositesides of the iframe work and dis taining 'frame, ,the. front andrear,ends of sposed'belowzthesides-ofthe-said main sus the side planesprojecting beyond the front andrear edges of the saldmain sustainingplane, and thesidesof thefs'aid main sustaining plane mounted'onthevfr'ame'work at the front and rear ofthemain sustaining plane andbelow the same and above the said side planes,

the framework, and steering rudders located.

M n 0mm patent y b m m said'side planes.- grojecting, beyond the sidesofthe'sa'id si e planes, propeller wheels.

elevatingplanes at the front and rear of propeller wheels- 10. A11aeroplane, work including a carriage, a transversely below the sides ofthe main sustaining plane,

ebmprising a frame the side planes projecting beyonditlie iront 1andrear edges" of-thelsald maii-siistaining plane, and the sides ofthein ain sustainingljj plane projecting beyond" side's In testimony oftwo subscribing witnesses, v a OLECALU'M. Witnesses:

Time. G. Hos'rnR,

PHILIP D. RoLLHA'Us.

Washington, D. '0."

a. -lis i whereof I havesignedmy name to this specification in thepresence five cents eac), by addressing the Gommissionerot .Paten'ta',

